DOCUMENT:Q158086  29-APR-2002  [visualc]
TITLE   :STL Sample for the list::back, list::front Functions
PRODUCT :Microsoft C Compiler
PROD/VER::4.2,5.0,6.0
OPER/SYS:
KEYWORDS:kbcode kbVC420 kbVC500 kbVC600 kbDSupport

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The information in this article applies to:

 - The Standard C++ Library, used with:
    - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Enterprise Edition, versions 4.2, 5.0, 6.0 
    - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Professional Edition, versions 4.2, 5.0, 6.0 
    - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Learning Edition, version 6.0 
    - Microsoft Visual C++.NET (2002) 
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SUMMARY
=======

The sample code below illustrates how to use the list::back, list::front,
list::pop_back, list::pop_front, list::push_back, and list::push_front STL
functions in Visual C++.

MORE INFORMATION
================

Required Header
---------------

      <list>

Prototype
---------

      reference back();
      const_reference back() const;
      reference front();
      const_reference front() const;
      void pop_back();
      void pop_front();
      void push_back(const T& x);
      void push_front(const T& x);

NOTE: The class/parameter names in the prototype may not match the version in the
header file. Some have been modified to improve readability.

Description
-----------

The member function back returns a reference to the last element of the
controlled sequence. The member function front returns a reference to the first
element of the controlled sequence. The member function pop_back removes the
last element of the controlled sequence. The member function pop_front removes
the first element of the controlled sequence. All the above functions require
that the controlled sequence be non-empty.

The member function push_back inserts an element with value x at the end of the
controlled sequence. The member function push_front inserts an element with
value x at the beginning of the controlled sequence.

Sample Code
-----------

   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
   // 
   // Compile options needed: -GX
   // 
   // liststck.cpp :  This example shows how to use the various stack
   //                 like functions of list.
   // 
   // Functions:
   // 
   //    list::back
   //    list::front
   //    list::pop_back
   //    list::pop_front
   //    list::push_back
   //    list::push_front
   // 
   // Written by Andrew Bradnan
   // Copyright (c) 1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
   ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 

   #include <list>
   #include <string>
   #include <iostream>
   using namespace std;

   #if _MSC_VER > 1020   // if VC++ version is > 4.2
      using namespace std;  // std c++ libs implemented in std
      #endif

   typedef list<string, allocator<string> > LISTSTR;

   void main()

   {

       LISTSTR test;

       test.push_back("back");
       test.push_front("middle");
       test.push_front("front");

       // front
       cout << test.front() << endl;

       // back
       cout << test.back() << endl;

       test.pop_front();
       test.pop_back();

       // middle
       cout << test.front() << endl;

   }

The Program Output is:

front
back
middle

REFERENCES
==========

Visual C++ Books On Line: Visual C++ Books:C/C++:Standard C++ Library Reference.

Additional query words: STL STLSample kbdss list::back list::front list::pop_back list::pop_front list::push_back list::push_front

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Keywords          : kbcode kbVC420 kbVC500 kbVC600 kbDSupport 
Technology        : kbVCsearch kbAudDeveloper kbVCLibrary
Version           : :4.2,5.0,6.0
Issue type        : kbinfo

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Copyright Microsoft Corporation 2002.