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Fig.D-17 |
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Fig.D-18
Local losses result from dissipation of fluid jets and wall jets similarly as in the submerged jet case Fig.C-25. If it were possible to determine the jet cross section area, it would be possible to calculate jet velocity and thus the dissipated kinetic energy. This, however, is seldom possible - - especially for separation from curved surface (as shown here in the case of bend). |
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Fig.D-19
Schematic example of a typical characteristic (the dependence of the specific energy difference across the element on the mass flow rate that is passing through it). |
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![]() Fig.D-20 Above: Schematic representation of a typical hydraulic or pneumatic element. There are two terminals: one of them the input terminal, the other the output terminal. Because of the incom- pressibility assumption there is no accumulation of fluid inside the element. As a result, input and output flow rates are equal. There is just one measurable difference in fluid specific energy: the difference between the input and the output. Fig.D-19a Left: Practical example of an experimentally determined characteristic of a device exhibiting an almost purely local character of the loss. |
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Vaclav TESAR : "BASIC FLUID MECHANICS"